Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness. It occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels inside the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. A healthy retina is necessary for good vision. If you have diabetic retinopathy, at first you may notice no changes to your vision. But over time, diabetic retinopathy can get worse and cause vision loss. Diabetic retinopathy usually affects both eyes.            Read More

In macular degeneration, the light-sensing cells of the macula malfunction and may over time cease to work. Macular degeneration occurs most often in people over 60 years old, in which case it is called Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD). Much less common are several hereditary forms of macular degeneration, which usually affect children or teen-agers. Collectively, they are called Juvenile Macular Degeneration. They include Best's Disease, Stargardt's Disease, Sorsby's Disease and some others.                                                                                                  Read More

Light flashes are sometimes caused by mechanical stimulation of the retina, often referred to as "pulling", "forces", or "traction".

A variety of conditions can cause it, including:
posterior vitreous separation,retinal tears (breaks), and scarring on the surface of the retina.Some macular disease patients experience flashes in the central field of vision (straight ahead vision). Patients with successfully repaired retinal tears and detachments may have flashes for many months.                                                              Read More

Retinal detachments often develop in eyes with retinas weakened by a hole or tear. This allows fluid to seep underneath, weakening the attachment so that the retina becomes detached - rather like wallpaper peeling off a damp wall. When detached, the retina cannot compose a clear picture from the incoming rays and vision becomes blurred and dim.                                                                                                                                                    Read More

A retinal artery occlusion occurs when the central retinal artery or one of the arteries that branch off of it becomes blocked. This blockage is typically caused by a tiny embolus (blood clot) in the blood stream. The occlusion decreases the oxygen supply to the area of the retina nourished by the affected artery, causing permanent vision loss. Retinal artery obstruction is like a stroke in the eye. the damage can be relatively mild or quite severe, depending on the extent to which the blood flow has been disrupted.                                                                                        Read More

Central retinal venous blocks occur when there is a congestion to blood flow and an increase in backpressure on the central retinal vein. It causes variable degree of visual loss and can be easily diagnosed by a retinal examination. It is commonly seen in hypertensives and diabetics. Some times it can be seen in people with clotting abnormalities also.                                                                                                                                            Read More

1. Vitreous hemorrhage
2. Cystoid macular edema
3. Retinopathy of prematurity
4. Macular hole
5. Retinitis pigmentosa
6. Posterior uveitis
7. Ocular trauma
8. Intraocular tumours
9. Central serous retinopathy